Geothermal power generation in the World 2010-2014 update report

Geothermics41 (2012) 1–29

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?atotalof24countriesnowgenerateelectricityfromgeothermalresources;

?thetotalinstalledcapacityworldwideis10,898MW,correspondingtoabout67,246GWhofelectricity

?Germany,Papua–NewGuinea,Australia,Turkey,Iceland,Portugal,NewZealand,Guatemala,Kenya,

(early2010data);

andIndonesiahaveincreasedthecapacityoftheirpowerplantinstallationsbymorethan50%withrespecttotheyear2005;

?thetop?vecountriesfortheirelectricityproductionareUSA,Philippines,Indonesia,MexicoandItaly;??vecountriesrealizedanincreaseabove100MWwithrespectto2005:USA,Indonesia,Iceland,NewZealandandKenya.

Theprospectiveforgrowthduring2010–2015aregood,withastrongpossibilityofrealizingabigincreaseintheinstalledcapacityupto19GW,ifallthecurrentlyidenti?edprojectswouldberealizedallaroundtheworld.

? 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

1.Introduction

ThetotalinstalledcapacityfromworldwidegeothermalpowerplantsisgiveninTable1andFig.1.Forreachingtheforecastforinstalledcapacityin2015,basedonanaccurateaccountingofalltheprojectsunderdevelopment,achangeinthepresentlineargrowthtrendisnecessary.

InTable2datafromallthecountriescurrentlygenerat-inggeothermalelectricityarepresented,withthe2005andtheupdated2010valuesofinstalledcapacityandtheproducedenergyperyear,theincrementsince2005bothinabsolutetermsandinpercentage,andtheforecasttoyear2015fortheinstalledcapac-ity.InFig.2theworldmapoftheyear2010installedcapacityispresented.InFig.3theforecastforyear2015isshown.

?Tel.:+393299506574.

E-mailaddress:ruggero.bertani@enel.com

DataofTable2canbeaggregatedforeachcontinentforaneasycomparisonofthedifferencesingeothermaldevelopmentandper-spectives.InFig.4thepresentinstalledcapacitybothforelectricityanddirectutilization(Lundetal.,2010b)arepresented.Figs.5and6showtheexpectedgrowthfrom2010to2015,bothinMWandinthenumberofcountrieswithgeothermalelectricity.

Thenumberofgeothermalcountriesisexpectedtoincreasefrom24in2010to46in2015,almostdoublingthepresentvalue.

Binaryplanttechnologyisplayingaveryimportantroleinthemoderngeothermalelectricitymarket.Thebinaryplantscanbeusedtogenerateadditionalelectricityfromthereservoir?uidafteritsprimaryutilizationinstandard?ashplants,achievingabetterenergyef?ciencyfortheoverallsystem.Inthedrysteamreservoirs(Larderello–Italy,TheGeyser–USA),alargefractionoftheenergyofthesteamcanbeutilizedtoproduceelectric-ity.Inliquid-dominatedsystemsthemajorityofthethermalenergyfromtheextracted?uidislost,beinginjectedathightemperature(typicalvalue100–180?C)andnot-used.Thebinary

0375-6505/$–seefrontmatter? 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.geothermics.2011.10.001

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